6/12/2023 0 Comments Julius ceaser![]() Popularity and political office were expensive in RomeĬaesar was forced to leave Spain before his term of office ended, opening him to private prosecution for his debts. In 63 BC he was elected to the top religious position in Rome, Pontifex Maximus (he had been a priest as a boy) and two years later he was governor of a large part of Spain where his military talent shone through as he defeated two local tribes. On his release he raised a fleet, captured them and did have them crucified, mercifully ordering their throats cut first.Įmperor Augustus in the robes of Pontifex Maximus. He told his captors the ransom they had demanded was not high enough and promised to crucify them when he was free, which they thought a joke. Caesar was kidnapped by pirates in 75 BC while crossing the Aegean Sea His enemies later mocked him with the title ‘the Queen of Bithynia’. He was sent to seek naval help from King Nicomedes IV, but spent so long at court that rumours of an affair with the king started. An ambassadorial mission to Bithynia in 80 BC was to haunt Caesar for the rest of his life This was the second highest military honour after the Grass Crown and entitled its winner to enter the Senate. From the start he was a brave soldier and was decorated with the Civic Crown during the siege The Romans under Marcus Minucius Thermus and Lucius Licinius Lucullus won the day. The island city, situated on Lesbos, was suspected of helping local pirates. Caesar began his military career at the Siege of Mytilene in 81 BC The Emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero and Caligula were all related to him. Photo by Louis le Grand via Wikimedia Commons. Julius Caesar had two sisters, both called Julia His mother’s family was even more importantĪurelia Cotta’s father, Lucius Aurelius Cotta, was Consul (the top job in the Roman Republic) like his father before him. He was governor of the province of Asia and his sister was married to Gaius Marius, a giant of Roman politics. Caesar’s father (also Gaius Julius Caesar) became a powerful man His journey from his native Troy to Italy is told in the Aeneid by Virgil, one of the great works of Roman literature. Aeneas was legendarily a forefather of Romulus and Remus Caesar’s own use of elephant imagery suggests he favoured the last interpretation. It could be that an ancestor had been born by caesarean section, but might have reflected a good head of hair, grey eyes or celebrated Caesar killing an elephant. The name Caesar may have had many meanings Featuring Dr Emma Southon and Professor Marco Conti. This sparked the final round of civil wars that ended the Republic and brought about the elevation of Caesar's great nephew and designated heir, Octavian, as Augustus, the first emperor.This documentary tells the story of Julius Caesar's assassination on the 'Ides of March' in 44 BC. A group of these, led by Cassius and Brutus, assassinated Caesar on the Ides (15) of March 44 BC. His success and ambition alienated strongly republican senators. Dictatorship was always regarded a temporary position but in 44 BC, Caesar took it for life. He used his power to carry out much-needed reform, relieving debt, enlarging the senate, building the Forum Iulium and revising the calendar. Caesar followed him and became romantically involved with the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra.Ĭaesar was now master of Rome and made himself consul and dictator. Pompey, their leader, fled to Egypt where he was assassinated. In the ensuing civil war Caesar defeated the republican forces. He made two expeditions to Britain, in 55 BC and 54 BC.Ĭaesar then returned to Italy, disregarding the authority of the senate and famously crossing the Rubicon river without disbanding his army. The following year he was appointed governor of Roman Gaul where he stayed for eight years, adding the whole of modern France and Belgium to the Roman empire, and making Rome safe from the possibility of Gallic invasions. Back in Rome in 60, Caesar made a pact with Pompey and Crassus, who helped him to get elected as consul for 59 BC. In 61-60 BC he served as governor of the Roman province of Spain. Caesar himself progressed within the Roman political system, becoming in succession quaestor (69), aedile (65) and praetor (62). His family were closely connected with the Marian faction in Roman politics. Julius Caesar was born in Rome on 12 or 13 July 100 BC into the prestigious Julian clan. © Caesar was a politician and general of the late Roman republic, who greatly extended the Roman empire before seizing power and making himself dictator of Rome, paving the way for the imperial system.
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